As a former student-athlete and a life-long sports enthusiast, I have always been enamored with competition. Merriam-Webster defines competition as "the effort of two or more parties acting ...

For decades, vertical integration meant ownership. According to Michael E. Porter's seminal work Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, companies sought to reduce costs, ...

In recent years direct ownership of physician practices by hospitals and health systems (that is, vertical integration) has become a prominent feature of the US health care system. One unexplored ...